The conventions intended at defending the rights of specific groups of people, such as women, children, and the elderly, are part of the international human rights regime. These conventions were adopted prior to the establishment of the United Nations and the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. International tools and organizations concerned with the protection or promotion of human rights have specific goals pertaining to the fundamental rights of various human groups, such as women, children, and the elderly. It is worth wondering why instruments for the unique protection of human beings who must be included in general norms have been developed. Questions concerning the coexistence between a universal system and various regional systems for the protection of human rights are analogous to those about the coexistence between a universal system and various regional systems for the protection of human rights.

The majority of the rights protected, particularly those of women, children, and the old, are also included in general treaties as being the possession of all people. The most significant aspects are the particular safeguarding standards that may evolve or define the essence of particular general regulations according to the specific characteristics of a specific group of people, or due to the creation of specific norms that partially regulate the content of the general regime as a reaction to massive, systematic, and persistent violations of a certain category of people’s human rights. The protection provided to specific groups of people is a result of the needs or characteristics of the group; it may concern particularly physically vulnerable individuals, address certain specific situations, such as pregnancy, or protect particularly vulnerable traits of specific individuals who are in specific circumstances.

The treatment of women’s, children’s, and senior people’s rights internationally is scrutinized on a worldwide scale. The movement for the defense of women’s rights, has been one of the most recognizable and pervasive struggles in contemporary times. The fight for gender equality and the eradication of the system of male dominance or oppression, which is profoundly ingrained in our sociocultural framework, have not been foreign to the regime for the protection of women’s rights. Activities that fall under the umbrella term of the feminist movement, which is fundamentally led by women, have made an impact in every field. The fight to end sexual discrimination is manifested frequently in international human rights law, and the inter-American system was a trailblazer in the treatment of women’s issues on a global scale, addressing them for the first time in 1923 before deciding to establish the Inter-American Commission of Women in 1928. Numerous initiatives have been carried out in this area at the United Nations. An international conference was held in Mexico during the year 1975, and 1985 saw the start of the Decade for Women. There are many international instruments aimed at defending women’s rights. Eliminating discrimination against women is a fundamental tenet of the way the international community is currently structured, with numerous practical applications in the areas of civil and political rights as well as economic, social, and cultural rights. The core of women’s rights protected by international human rights legislation is comprised of these ideas and rights, together with those related to maternity.

The idea of equality between men and women is a manifestation of non-discrimination, a core value of the global society. “Reaffirming faith in the rights of man, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and in the equal rights of men and women” is the stated goal of the United Nations, according to its Charter. Both the Convention on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights obligate State Parties to guarantee “men and women equal title to enjoy all the rights” outlined in the Covenant. In the past 200 years, it has become clear that children and adolescents require extra protection. In the past, there were many widespread barbarous and cruel acts towards children, including frequent physical abuse and infanticide. Changes were made in the 19th century with the advent of labor regulations that prohibited child labor and mandated schooling. The necessity to create a juvenile justice system was acknowledged, and sanctions were put in place in response to cases of physical abuse and other forms of maltreatment. Children’s suffering is now related to a number of factors, including poverty, starvation, unemployment, poor health, unsanitary living conditions, negligent parenting, a lack of education, the exploitation of children as workers, a lack of adequate housing, child mortality, and morbidity. The International Children’s Relief Fund (UNICEF), which was founded in 1946; the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which was published in 1959, and other international agreements that have provisions that are particularly relevant to children are the most significant facts.

The most troublesome problems in industrialized nations are family instability, drug and alcohol abuse, incapacity or unwillingness to care for one’s own children, juvenile delinquency, and mistreatment. In accordance with the Universal Declaration, all children, whether or not they were born in a union, are entitled to social protection on an equal basis. Ten principles are outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which represent universal norms based on respect for human dignity, to which every child’s life should adhere. The Human Rights Commission is still debating the 1979-introduced draft convention on the rights of children. On the other end of the spectrum, over the past few decades, aging has become a global concern as the number of people over 60 has considerably increased. 350 million persons were over that age in 1975 as opposed to 200 million in 1950. It will be 1,100 million by 2025, with 72% of that population residing in emerging nations. This phenomenon generates two different types of issues that call for both a global understanding and specific global solution. The socioeconomic effects of aging need rethinking in the area of development planning. Additionally, it creates humanitarian issues pertaining to the requirements of the elderly, specifically in terms of their health, quality of life, housing, independence, security, and education. The first examples of global elder rights law, which have been investigated by many organizations, are the most significant. Argentina proposed a Bill of Rights for the Elderly in 1948, but it was never approved. The General Assembly agreed to hold a World Assembly on Older Persons in 1969. This assembly adopted an Action Plan that addresses the development challenges brought on by the world’s population’s global aging, as well as various other issues that must be tackled together. The Plan offers a list of recommendations on goals and ways to attain them rather than being an international agreement or a declaration of rights. The Action Plan is adopted to address the humanitarian issues brought on by aging; however senior citizens’, rights are not given their own consideration or declaration.

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May 7, 2023
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